Purple Flowers — Old Varieties

Fritillaria meleagris or Snake’s Head Fritillary as it is more commonly known, is a native of Europe, found growing in damp grassland and near rivers.

Purple & white bells of the Snake's Head Fritillary

Apart from it’s original English name of Snake’s Head fritillary, It has many local name variations such as Simple Fritillary, Checkered Daffodil, Frog-cup, Chess Flower, Guinea-hen Flower and Leper Lily,

The flowers are nodding, dainty, six petaled bells, hang from slender stems about 15 to 30cm in height. They range from white to various shades of purple and bear a unique, chequered patterning which is quite obvious on the purple flowers but more of a feint “water mark” on the white flowers.

Fritillaria meleagris flowers from March to May from a small bulb, about 2 cm in diameter, commonly found growing in grasslands in damp soils and river meadows.

It is the only species of Fritillary native to Britain, but is now quite rare in the wild due to modern farming and land cultivation techniques.

Places to find Fritillaria meleagris in the wild:
The Meadow of Magdalen College, Oxford,
The village of Ducklington, Oxfordshire (which holds a Fritillary Sunday festival)
North Meadow National Nature Reserve, Wiltshire
Meadows in Kungsängen, just outside Uppsala, Sweden (also giving the flower its Swedish name, kungsängslilja).

Bulbs are available commercially and are extremely hardy. Best placed in light shade and under deciduous trees and shrubs in free-draining soil, or naturalised in grass. Bulbs of the Fritilaria meleagris are poisonous.

Where to obtain the bulbs;
Thompson & Morgan – Plant, bulb and seed specialists
Fentongollan – Cornish bulb, plant and vegetable supplier
De Jager – Flower bulb specialists since 1868
The Wild Flower Shop – Specialists in British native flowers
Crocus – Plant and garden supplier

The Foxgolve ( Digitalis pupurea) is a native plant of Europe and used to be found growing in many British hedgerows.

Plate Drawing of Digitalis Purpurea by Koehler

Its botanical name means “finger-like” and refers to the easy ability to place an open flower over your finger, just like a thimble.

Tubular flowers are produced along a tall stem and depending of the species, vary from purple to pink, white, and yellow. Of course the best known species in the UK is the Common Foxglove or Digitalis purpurea.

Wild foxgloves are biennial, This means that they take two years to develop from seed to flower. The first year of growth produces a rosette of long basal leaves.

In the second year, the tall stem appears, thrusting the flower buds sometimes as high as 1.5 metres tall. The delicate pale pink buds open to reveal darker pink to purple flowers with speckled throats. These flowers surround the top third of the stem.

Foxgloves are loved by Bees and used to grow wild in hedgerows and waste ground in the UK. They are still to be found but not in such profusion.

The entire plant is very poisonous from the roots to the seeds and should never be picked or handled without the correct gloves and knowledge.

A long history of medicinal use surrounds the Foxglove and they are still used to this day to produce a heart medication called “Digitalin”.

Cottage garden designs invariably include foxgloves but instead of the native biennial foxglove which self seed so easily they can become a real weed, there is now a wide range of hybrid varieties including a perennial version which flowers every year.

The Digitalis Camelot trio from Thompson & Morgan is the first ever F1 Hybrid Foxglove.

Grows reliably in our UK gardens and becuase it’s and F1 hybrid, it does not self seed and take over the garden.

Worth remembering though, is the fact that Honey and Bumble bees require the native variety for its pollen and nectar. So if you have room and want to grow foxgloves, make sure you plant some of our native Digitalis Purpurea.

Snakes Head Fritillaria

The Foxglove